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frecklebelly madtom
The frecklebelly madtom (''Noturus munitus'') is a species of fish in the Ictaluridae family. It is endemic to the United States. Madtoms are in the genus ''Noturus'', which is a group of catfish prevalent to North America.
==Description==
The ''Noturus munitus'' (Frecklebelly madtom) is a robust, boldly patterned member of the monophyletic saddled madtom subgenus ''Rabida''.〔 Historically the population thrived in large rivers in the Mobile Basin and Pearl River drainages in the southeastern United States.〔 However, it is currently limited to the Coastal Plain rivers.〔 The species lives exclusively in medium to large rivers free of sedimentation and over gravel shoals.〔 They spawn between June and August while producing 50 to 75 mature eggs in a single clutch size.〔
All madtom species, including ''Noturus munitus'' have experienced much decline since the 1950s due to channelization, gravel mining, dredging, and siltation. These activities reduce the ability for the species to properly breed and survive. An effective management plan for this species should concentrate on habitat protection and further biological research. A potential plan could include: monitoring species populations, preventing construction of dams, conducting biological research, and developing riparian buffer zones. Once riparian habitat and stream restoration are created and maintained, the reintroduction of ''Noturus munitus'' could be possible.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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